Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a chronic infection of the gums and tissues that support the teeth. It's caused by bacteria in plaque, a sticky film that forms on the teeth and gums. When plaque isn't removed through proper oral hygiene, it can harden into tartar, which can lead to inflammation and infection of the gums. Periodontal disease can range from mild (gingivitis) to severe (periodontitis), and can result in tooth loss if left untreated.

There are several therapies available to treat periodontal disease, depending on the severity of the condition:

1. Non-Surgical Therapy: The first step in treating periodontal disease is usually non-surgical therapy, which involves deep cleaning of the teeth and gums to remove plaque and tartar. This is done through scaling and root planing, which involves scraping away plaque and tartar from below the gum line and smoothing the roots of the teeth to prevent further buildup.

2. Antibiotics: In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to help control the bacteria that cause periodontal disease. Antibiotics can be taken orally or applied topically to the gums.

3. Surgical Therapy: In cases where non-surgical therapy is not effective, surgical therapy may be necessary. This can involve procedures such as flap surgery, which involves lifting the gums to remove tartar and bacteria from deep pockets around the teeth, or bone and tissue grafts, which can help regenerate lost bone and tissue around the teeth.

4. Maintenance Therapy: Once periodontal disease has been treated, it's important to maintain good oral hygiene and schedule regular check-ups with the dentist to prevent recurrence. Maintenance therapy may involve more frequent cleanings and check-ups, as well as at-home oral hygiene practices such as brushing and flossing.

Overall, early detection and treatment of periodontal disease is key to preventing further damage to

the gums and teeth. If you suspect you may have periodontal disease, it's important to schedule an

appointment with your dentist as soon as possible to prevent further damage.